Later, the IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) is applied in the x direction only, as well as the FFT. Separating Tofacitinib Citrate the phase part of the result from the rest we obtain:��z(x,y)=��(x,y)+��0(x,y)=Imlog(g^(x,y)g^0?(x,y))(9)It is observed that the phase map can be obtained by applying Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the same process for each horizontal line. The values of the phase map are wrapped at some specific values. Those phase values range between �� and ?��.To recover the true phase it is necessary to restore the measured wrapped phase by an unknown multiple of 2��f0 [16]. The phase unwrapping process is not a trivial problem due to the presence of phase singularities (points in 2D, and lines in 3D) generated by local or global undersampling.

The correct 2D branch cut lines and 3D Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries branch cut surfaces should be placed where the gradient Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of the original phase distribution exceeded �� rad value. However, this important information is lost due to undersampling and cannot be recovered from the
Process tomography allows boundaries between heterogeneous compounds and homogeneous objects in a process to be imaged using a non-intrusive sensor. The basic idea of process tomography is to install a number of sensors around the pipe or vessel to be imaged. The sensor output signal depends on the position of the component boundaries within their sensing zones. The output signals are conditioned and sent as input to a computer, which is used to reconstruct a tomography image of the cross section being observed by the sensor.

These tomography images Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries have the potential of providing information on concentration distributions in the pipeline, information on flow regimes, velocity profiles, component volume flow rates and particle size measurements. Process tomography has a very good application foreground in industries [1].An image reconstruction in Electrical Charge Tomography (EChT) is typically an ill-posed problem. The small changes in the data cause arbitrarily large change in the solution, and this is reflected in ill conditioning of matrix sensitivity of the discrete model. The Tikhonov regularization method is an effective method to solve ill-posed inverse problems [2]. The Thikonov method has been applied to electrical capacitance tomography for image reconstruction by Peng et al. and Lionheart [3�C5]. This regularization Brefeldin_A of the problem is required to filter out the influence of the noise.

A common feature of this regularization method is that it depends on some regularization parameters that control how much filtering is introduced by regularization without losing too much newsletter subscribe information in the computed solution. The purpose of regularization optimization is to provide an efficient and numerically stable method that will provide a good approximation to the desired unknown solution.The theory of ill-posed problems is well developed in many papers [6�C8].