On the basis of the above mentioned results, three studies in adults directly
Saracatinib research buy assessed the effect of the administration of probiotics on H. pylori gastritis by the histological examination of gastric biopsies showing that L. johnsonii La1 [42,49] and L. acidophilus La5 and B. lactis Bb12 contained in the yogurt [50] resulted effective in both reducing the density of H. pylori colonization, and the gastric mucosal inflammation. No study has been performed in children to explore this issue. In most adult studies, the effect of probiotic treatment on the level of H. pylori infection has been estimated indirectly by the 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) delta over baseline value, a well known semi quantitative measurement of the bacterial load [51]. In detail subjects treated either with L. johnsonii La1 [25,52], L. brevis CD2 lyophilized bacteria [53], yogurts containing L. acidophilus La5 and B. lactis Bb12 [50], L. gasseri OLL 2716 [54], a milk containing B. bifidum BF-1 [55], a drink consisting of equal doses of L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus LC705, P. freudenreichii JS and B. lactis Bb12 [45], or with L. reuteri ATCC 55730 [56] showed a significant decrease in 13C-UBT values. In children, two studies have
been performed (by the same investigators) to evaluate the ability of probiotics to interfere with the intragastric bacterial load (seeTable 1). First, CP-690550 purchase Cruchet et al. performed a randomized, double blind, controlled study on 326 asymptomatic children screened for H. pylori by the 13C-UBT [57]; H. pylori -colonized see more subjects were distributed into five groups to receive a product containing live L. johnsonii La1 or L. paracasei ST11, heat-killed La1 or L. paracasei ST11, or just vehicle everyday for 4 weeks. A second 13C-UBT was carried out at the end of this period. The authors detected a moderate but significant difference in 13C-UBT values in children receiving live La1 (−7.64 per thousand; 95% CI: −14.23
to −1.03), whereas no differences were observed in the other groups. Subsequently, in a randomized open trial, Gotteland et al. [58] randomized 182 asymptomatic H. pylori -positive children to receive either 7-day triple therapy, or Saccharomyces boulardii as a symbiotic simultaneously with inulin or L. acidophilus LB daily for 8 weeks. An additional 81 asymptomatic H. pylori -positive children were followed for 8 weeks without any treatment. A significant decrease in 13C-UBT values (repeated after 8 weeks) was observed in the antibiotic group (−26.6%; 95% CI: −33.9 to −19.3%) and in the S. boulardii group (−6.31; 95% CI: −11.84 to −0.79) but not in the L. acidophilus LB group (+0.70; 95% CI: −5.84 to +7.24). No changes in 13C-UBT values were observed in untreated children. These results suggest that anti-H. pylori activity is species and strain specific, with some probiotics, such as S. boulardii and L. johnsonii La1, interfering with H. pylori in vivo more actively than others (L. acidophilus LB, L. paracasei ST11).