early onset autonomic neuropathy with severe medical ileus requiring hospitalization, and the last patient developed late onset but severe and painful peripheral neuropathy . In a report of 3 HIV positive patients on ritonavircontaining regimens , administration of IV docetaxel resulted in severe hematological and cutaneous toxicity 3–7 days after Piperine the first infusion of docetaxel , despite having normal baseline liver function and blood cell counts. Each patient recovered following the withdrawal of docetaxel. The mechanism was postulated to be CYP3A4 inhibition of docetaxel metabolism by ritonavir . In 34 HIV positive patients with advanced KS who received paclitaxel 100 mg/m2, paclitaxel exposure was higher in patients taking PIs compared to those who were not taking PIs.
The reased exposure did not correlate with efficacy or toxicity. Of the 20 patients assessable for response, 6 had an objective response and median progression JAK Signaling Pathway free survival was 7.8 months . These findings contrast to earlier reports of life threatening paclitaxel toxicity in patients receiving concomitant indinavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir . The discrepancy in observations may be due to lusion of ritonavir in the earlier cases, as ritonavir exhibits more potent CYP3A inhibiting effects as compared to indinavir or nelfinavir. In the study by Cianfrocca , while paclitaxel area under the curve was significantly higher in the patients taking PIs compared to the patients not taking PIs, there was no difference in the duration spent at a paclitaxel concentration above 0.
05 uM between the two groups, suggesting that unboosted PIs may have less pronounced and/or sustained effects on paclitaxel metabolism. A negative, two way interaction between bexarotene, a synthetic retinoid analogue and efavirenz, both substrates and inducers of CYP3A4, was cryostat illustrated in a recent case report. A 70 year old man, virologically suppressed for 12 years, experienced virological failure on efavirenz, 3TC and abacavir 2 months after starting bexarotene 300 mg daily for a neoplastic disorder. Coiding with the viral breakthrough, subtherapeutic efavirenz concentrationswere measured on two occasions ; his efavirenz concentration returned to 1,354 ng/mL after his efavirenz dose was doubled. The patient’s average bexarotene plasma concentrations were approximately 50% lower compared to steady state reference pharmacokinetic data, and only partial efficacy on his neoplastic lesions was observed .
The authors concluded that if concomitant therapy with efavirenz and bexarotene is required, therapeutic drug monitoring of both drugs should be performed, with close monitoring for both antiviral and antineoplastic efficacy and response. Because of the risk of potential negative interactions, clinicians may wish to consider using ARVs that do not impact the CYP450 system if possible. For instance, the successful use of a raltegravir based regimen with concomitant chemotherapy has been reported. A 55 year old male with newly diagnosed advanced HIV and large B cell lymphoma simultaneously began abacavir, lamivudine and raltegravir and CHOP with intrathecal methotrexate. The patient achieved and maintained an undetectable viral load throughout 6 CHOP cycles. Two months after the patient completed.