The similar POMC treatment in the hypothalamus had minimal long-term physiological or metabolic impact. Thus, melanocortin activation in the brainstem NTS region effectively ameliorates chronic dietary obesity whilst that in the hypothalamus fails to do so. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO.”
“Objective:

Prognostic implications of partial thrombosis of the residual aorta after repair of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection have not been elucidated. We sought to analyze the impact of partial thrombosis on segmental growth rates, distal aortic reprocedures, and long-term survival.

Methods: A total of 118 consecutive patients (55% were male; mean age, 60 years) with acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection underwent surgical GSK126 in vivo repair (1997-2007). The hospital mortality rate was 17.8%. Survivors underwent serial computed tomography scans. Segment-specific average rates of enlargement LCL161 supplier were analyzed. Distal reprocedures and patient survival were examined.

Results: Sixty-six patients had imaging data sufficient for growth rate calculations. The median diameters within 2 weeks after repair were as follows: aortic arch, 3.5 cm; descending aorta, 3.6 cm; and abdominal aorta, 2.4 cm. Subsequent growth rates were artic arch, 0.34 mm/y, descending aorta, 0.51 mm/y, and abdominal aorta, 0.35 mm/y. Partial thrombosis of the residual aorta predicted greater

growth in the distal aorta (P = .005). There were 13 distal aortic reprocedures all (5 reoperations, 8 stent graft insertions) for 10 years, and reprocedure-free survival was 66%. Partial thrombosis (P = .002) predicted greater risk of aorta-related reprocedures. Cox analysis revealed that estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (P = .030), reintubation (P = .002),

and partial thrombosis (P = .023) were independent predictors for poor survival.

Conclusion: Partial thrombosis of the false lumen after repair of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection, compared with complete patency or complete thrombosis, is a significant independent predictor of aortic enlargement, aorta-related reprocedures, and poor long-term survival. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139: 841-7)”
“The globus pallidus sends a significant GABAergic projection to the thalamic reticular nucleus. Because pallidal neurons express D4-dopamine receptors, we have explored their presence on pallidoreticular terminals by studying the effect of dopamine and D4-receptor agonists on the GABAergic transmission in the thalamic reticular nucleus. We made whole-cell recordings of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in the thalamic reticular neurons. Dopamine consistently reduced the IPSCs. The effect of dopamine was associated with paired-pulse facilitation, indicating a presynaptic location of the receptors.