“
“Degradation modeling of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction (3J) space solar cells, which are exposed to charged particles (protons and electrons), is introduced using a one-dimensional optical device simulator: PC1D. The proposed method can reproduce https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gm6001.html the electrical degradation of 3J solar cells from fitting the external quantum efficiencies for subcells. In this modeling, carrier removal rate of base layer (R(C)) and damage coefficient of minority carrier diffusion length (K(L)) in each subcell are considered as radiation degradation parameters. Nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) analysis for both radiation degradation

parameters is discussed. The radiation degradation of a 3J solar cell can be predicted from the results of degradation level in the each subcell estimated from correlativity between NIEL and both radiation degradation parameters.”
“The Hall scattering factor r(H) has been determined for holes in high-dose boron-implanted ultrashallow junctions containing high concentrations of boron-interstitial clusters (BICs), combining scanning capacitance microscopy, nanospreading resistance, Hall effect, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements.

A value of r(H)=0.74 +/- 0.1 has been found in reference defect-free fully activated junctions, in good agreement with the existing www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html literature. In the case of junctions containing high concentrations of immobile and electrically inactive BICs, and independently of the implant or the annealing process, the r(H) value has been found to be equal to 0.95 +/- 0.1. The increase in the r(H) value is explained in terms of the additional scattering centers associated to the presence of high concentrations of BICs.”
“The increasing petroleum LY2606368 solubility dmso price and the foreseeable depletion of fossil fuels has prompted research on bioenergy, particularly bioethanol

and biobutanol from renewable lignocellulosic biomass, the primary component of which is cellulose. One key requirement of lignocellulose degradation is to improve the efficiency of a group of enzymes with general name cellulase, the collaboration of which degrades cellulose to glucose. Significant progress has been made in the last decade on understanding the structural and chemical properties of the substrate cellulose, the structural and biochemical properties of cellulases, their enzymatic mechanisms and the mechanism of synergistic catalysis by cellulases. This manuscript reviews the progress in the aforementioned fields, particularly the structural basis and enzymatic mechanisms of reactions leading to the degradation of cellulose.