The LDPE-film bag filled with ethanol released ethanol slowly. The amount of the released ethanol could be controlled by changing the film thickness. A dual bag was constructed with an outer non-woven fabric bag on which Paracoccus denitrificans cells were immobilized and the inner LDPE-film bag filled with ethanol. When the dual bag was immersed

in a nitrate solution under agitation of N(2) gas or air, the nitrate content of the solution decreased irrespective of the agitating conditions. The maximum nitrogen removal rate was 5.94 g N d(-1) m(-2) of the outer bag’s surface. This value corresponded to the volumetric nitrogen removal performance of 0.1 kg N m(-3) d(-1), though the packed ratio of the dual bag in the solution was below 10%. The dual bag could remove nitrogen from nitrate solution without an additional apparatus. The bioreactor using the dual bag would be extremely effective as an additional denitrification Dorsomorphin system, since they can be easily

installed in the vacant spaces of various tanks. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“IntroductionAs half of the women with breast cancer are of working ages and usually survive, knowledge is needed on how ERK inhibitor chemical structure to support them early regarding work-related problems caused by treatments. Most previous studies have focused on individual and disease-related factors, whereas few have focused on work-related factors such as work adjustment and social support. The aim of this study was to investigate received and perceived social support from supervisor and colleagues as well as work adjustments, and their associations with sickness absence, among women who recently had had breast cancer surgery.

MethodInclusion criteria were as follows: women aged 20-63years, living in Stockholm County, treated surgically for a first diagnosis of breast cancer, literate in Swedish, without pre-surgical chemotherapy or known distant metastases. Included selleckchem in the study were 605 women who worked at diagnosis

and that had answered a questionnaire within eight weeks of inclusion. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the likelihood of being sickness absent.

ResultsMost women perceived and received social support and work adjustment after breast cancer surgery. Low adjustment (OR=2.14; 95% CI, 1.45-3.18) and less social support (OR=1.80; 95% CI, 1.16-2.78) were significantly associated with being sickness absent. Adjusting for sociodemographics, strenuous work posture, and treatment did not attenuate these associations.

ConclusionAdjustment at work and social support from employer are associated with sickness absence and needs to be explored in discussions on return to work after breast cancer surgery. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.