001). This confirms the predictive role of these two markers, which should be considered when choosing the appropriate adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.”
“Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is characterized by life-long persistence of the virus in the host. While most infected individuals remain

asymptomatic, 3-5% will eventually develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) after a clinical latency that can span years (TSP/HAM) to decades (ATLL). buy PD173074 The major oncogenic determinant among HTLV-1 proteins is the Tax transactivator, which influences the expression and function of a great number of cellular proteins, drives cell proliferation, reduces cell death, and induces genetic instability.

The present review is focused on the current knowledge of p13, an HTLV-1 accessory protein targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane and, under certain conditions,

to the nucleus. In mitochondria, p13 produces an inward K+ current that results in an increased production of ROS by mitochondria. These effects are linked to the protein’s effects on cell turnover which include activation of primary T-cells and reduced proliferation/sensitization to death of tumor cells. Recent findings suggest that in the presence of Tax, p13 is subjected to Dinaciclib inhibitor ubiquitylation and partly targeted to the nucleus. Nuclear p13 binds Tax and inhibits its transcriptional activity. These findings suggest that the protein might exert distinct functions depending on its intracellular localization and influence both the turnover of infected cells and the balance between viral latency and productive infection. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“There is growing evidence suggesting that inactivation of bacterial spores may follow the Weibullian model, of which the log linear relationship between survival ratio and time is just a special case. Where true, the time

and not only the temperature dependence of the rate must be taken into account. Also, check details it is of interest to estimate spores survival not only at the coldest point but also throughout the whole container’s volume.

Numerical calculation on changing survival ratios was performed by combining the conductive heat transfer model with that of the nonlinear inactivation kinetics. Results are based on published linear and non linear inactivation parameters of Clostridium botulinum spores, typical thermal properties of solid foods and realistic thermal processing conditions. Results could be used to quantify the efficacy of thermal processes of solid products in terms of spores’ residual survival ratio at the coldest point and in the container as a whole. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.