, 2001; Schwartz and Dell, 2012) alongside detailed single cases and computational modelling allowing the mechanisms of change to be fully explored. Furthermore,

future studies could include exploration of the relationship between memory/executive skills and therapy outcome (Fillingham et al., 2006) and investigation of maintenance without the further phase of connected speech therapy included in the present study (see Appendix 2 and Herbert et al., 2003). The present study also highlights the need for further research which carefully relates nature of a person with aphasia’s difficulty and strengths to the outcome of intervention. In particular, studies comparing multiple interventions, particularly semantic versus phonological approaches, are necessary. Studies should consider the following: PFT�� in vitro (i) using case series designs with three or more baseline assessments,

(ii) measuring outcome beyond picture naming, including participants’ views of intervention and outcome and (iii) the outcome of approaches directed at different levels of communication (e.g., single words vs conversation). In this experimentally controlled case series study, 15/16 participants improved significantly in naming treated items. There are several lines of evidence that demonstrate the change resulted from the specific intervention: (i) the change was specific to treated items for most participants The generalisation to untreated items for a minority of participants relates to their language production profiles in line

with our predictions. CDK inhibitors in clinical trials While the pattern of findings warrant further exploration, our intervention involving cues did not produce generalisation to untreated items in those with relatively greater semantic deficits or difficulty in accessing the form for production. Rather, it occurred in all of those with post-lexical speech production deficits where these co-occurred with relatively intact semantic processing. This work was supported by The Tavistock Trust for Aphasia (to W.B. & D.H.), The Stroke Association (to W.B. & J.H.), Wycombe PCT (to A.G., J.G.), UCL and Birkbeck College. The writing was completed while W.B. was in receipt of an ESRC Grant and D.H. an Tolmetin NIHR Grant. We are very grateful to the 16 participants with aphasia for enthusiastic participation in the study. Jenny Sugden, NHS manager, supported the part of the study based in Buckinghamshire. Emma Prince provided the inter-rater reliability from audio recordings. “
“Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) refers to a group of diseases collectively characterised by atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes. The most common syndrome of FTLD, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), manifests as progressive behavioural decline leading to severe social dysfunction, as reflected in recent consensus diagnostic criteria (Rascovsky et al., 2011). The bvFTD syndrome presents important neurobiological and clinical problems.