“
“Alcaligenes faecalis penicillin G acylase has several desired features over other penicillin G
acylases and its use in industry requires immobilization. In this work, two novel supports ZH-EP (epoxy type) and ZH-HA (epoxy-amino type) were used to immobilize Alcaligenes faecalis penicillin G acylase (AfPGA) with Eupergit C as reference. The saturation of immobilized protein on ZH-EP (269 mg/g, 116 h) and ZH-HA (296 mg/g, 15 h) was obtained more rapidly than Eupergit C (197 mg/g, 260 h). And the activity of immobilized AfPGA on ZH-EP (520 U/g) and ZH-HA (2200 U/g) was higher than that on Eupergit C (310 U/g). The propertics of three immobilized enzymes were compared and no obvious difference was observed, which indicated that ZH-EP and ZH-HA were promised in industry.”
“Previous studies showed that early after Roux-en-Y gastric selleck bypass (RYGB), there is a remarkable improvement in type
2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance. This study aims to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms Nepicastat clinical trial of this effect. We determined the acute effects of RYGB on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity.
A rat model of type 2 diabetes was established using high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, ip). Animals were divided into four groups: diabetic, diabetic RYGB, diabetic RYGB sham, and control rats. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with tracer infusion were completed at 2 weeks postoperatively to assess insulin sensitivity. Triglyceride concentration in liver and muscle tissues was determined. Protein kinase C (PKC) membrane translocation, protein expression of phospho-c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and phospho-I kappa SB525334 B kinase beta (IKK beta) were assessed with western blot. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver were also measured.
RYGB surgery significantly improved
hepatic insulin sensitivity index and decreased hepatic triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05), without an improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Membrane translocation of PKC-epsilon, PKC-delta, and PKC-theta; the ratio of MDA to SOD; and the expression of p-JNK and p-IKK beta in the liver were lower in the diabetic RYGB group than in the diabetic group.
Diabetes remission was induced at short term after RYGB. The improvement of hepatic tissue lipotoxicity decreased the activation of certain PKC isoforms, the activity of JNK and IKK inflammatory signaling pathways, and the degree of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the hepatic insulin sensitivity was ameliorated, which is possibly a mechanism for early diabetes remission.”
“Although pedicle screw fixation has been increasingly used in the upper thoracic spine in recent years, controversies exist about the safety and complications such as nerve or vascular intrusion associated with the technique.