As shown in the Table 2, V-Primer (VTD) was introduced for the

first time as a thione-based primer. In addition, Metaltite (MTU-6) and Alloy Primer (VTD and MDP) are currently used for bonding cast restorations and FPDs. After try-in procedure, the surface to be bonded of resin-bonded FPDs and restorations was air-borne particle abraded with alumina (50–70 μm grain-seized), and then primed with one of the sulfur-based primers. Minimally buy AT13387 reduced enamel was etched with 37–40% phosphoric acid, rinsed with water, and air-dried. More than ten clinical reports have been published concerning bonding of Ag–Pd–Cu–Au alloy castings. Except for one case, the castings were bonded with the 4-META/MMA-TBB resins (Super-Bond or C&B Metabond). After observation periods of 3 to 11 years, they are functioning

satisfactorily [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [25], [27], [28], [29] and [31]. Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 show clinical course of a resin-bonded FPD originally reported by Monya et al. [18]. The FPD is functioning for more than 10 years. The noble metal bonding systems were also applied to seating splinting devices to enamel structure. Similar technique can be applied to fixing Stem Cell Compound Library mobile teeth using cast retainers [32], [33] and [34]. Overcasting technique is a unique approach to partially preserve existing long-spanned FPDs. Preparation is applied to either restoration or pontic, in which veneering porcelain or composite material has been broken. Indirect restoration for repairing is laboratory fabricated. After try-in, both the intra- and extra-oral metal surfaces to be bonded are air-borne-particle abraded with different type abraders, and primed with sulfur-based agent. The surfaces are bonded with TBB-based adhesive. Clinical course of overcastting technique is excellent Loperamide [23], [35] and [36]. Hikage et al. evaluated clinical longevity of resin-bonded FPDs seated with the V-Primer and the Super-Bond adhesive [37]. They reported that ten prostheses had functioned

satisfactorily for 8–11 years, although six of the 26 FPDs had become detached. Tanoue et al. [38] assessed clinical performance of resin-bonded FPDs. They reported that five retainers of the 81 resin-bonded FPDs were failed. Also, they reported that the observation duration and corresponding survival ratio for complete survival were 165 months and 43.9%, and those for functional survival were 178 months and 87.7%, respectively. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C 20592302 and C 21592474) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Grant from Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry (A 2009), and Sato Fund, Nihon University School of Dentistry (2009).