At a mean followup of 45.5 months (range 18 to 120) all 6 patients were continent of urine. There have been no urinary fistulas related to use of the rectus abdominis muscle flap. Cadaveric dissections confirmed the inferior epigastric artery to be the dominant and readily mobile blood supply of the rectus abdominis muscle flap.
Conclusions: The rectus abdominis muscle flap is easily harvested without significant risk of morbidity and offers a well vascularized tissue for coverage of a bladder neck closure when
an omental flap is not available.”
“Because the subventricular zone (SVZ) constantly supplies newly generated neurons to the olfactory bulb (OB) along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) in adult brain, MK-2206 price SVZ-RMS-OB axis has been thought to work as a unit. We previously reported that peripherally injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces apoptosis in the OB in young adult mice. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine whether peripherally injected LPS induces apoptotic cell death also in the SVZ. Two mouse strains were used: C3H/HeN and Toll-like
receptor Apoptosis inhibitor 4-mutated C3H/HeJ, and wild-type C57BL/6 and TNFR1(-/-) -2(-/-), in which the genes tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1 and TNFR2 are knocked out. Immunohistochemical study and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay done on the SVZ-RMS pathway of young adult male mice showed that peripherally injected LPS switches on the apoptotic signal by cleaving pro-caspase-3, thus possibly increasing the number of cells dying from apoptosis in these areas in adult mice. Activation of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-TNFR system played a critical role in fully inducing apoptosis in this Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor pathway. We suggest that TNF-alpha was probably released not from microglia
but from astrocytes in the SVZ and RMS. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We determined normal, age related reference data regarding maximum voided volume and nocturnal urine production using the same methodology as in clinical practice.
Materials and Methods: A total of 62 girls and 86 boys without enuresis (mean +/- SD age 9.64 +/- 2.63 years, range 3 to 15) completed 4 days (2 weekends) of frequency-volume charts and 14 days of home recording of nocturnal urine production. From these recordings maximum voided volume with and without first morning void was derived for each subject. Also, average nocturnal urine volume with and without nocturia was calculated. Percentiles were produced by dividing the population into 1-year age groups.
Results: Based on 2,836 daytime voids and 1,977 overnight recordings, maximum voided volume and nocturnal urine volume showed a significant linear relationship with age but not with gender. Maximum voided volume with first morning void was significantly higher than without (403 +/- 137 ml vs 281 +/- 112 ml, p <0.