“
“BACKGROUND: Barley husks GDC-0941 manufacturer were subjected to non-isothermal autohydrolysis of different severities, yielding a liquid phase rich in hemicellulose-derived compounds and a solid phase, composed mainly of cellulose and lignin. This solid phase was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis in order to assess the effects of severity on the susceptibility of

substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis. The effects of the liquid to solid ratio (LSR, in the range 6 to 189 g(-1)) and cellulase to substrate ratio (CSR, in the range 3.3 to 8.2 FPU g(-1)) on the enzymatic hydrolysis were assessed.

RESULTS,: Up to 25.8,g oligomers per 100 g raw material were present in liquors from the hydrothermal processing. Enzymatic hydrolysis of solid phases obtained under selected conditions (log Ro = 4.14,

LSR = 6 g g(-1) and CSR = 5.8 FPU g(-1)) yielded glucose concentrations up to 679 L(-1) (corresponding to cellulose to glucose conversions close to 100%).

CONCLUSION: It was shown that autohydrolysis is an effective method for improving the enzymatic susceptibility of barley husks. High cellulose conversions resulting in high glucose yields were achieved by enzymatic hydrolysis at low LSR and CSR. The liquid fraction obtained upon autohydrolysis contained large amounts of hemicellulose-derived compounds. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Six new glycosidic constituents (1-6), together with 10 known analogs, have been isolated from the bark of Machilus robusta. Structures of the new compounds, selleck including the absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (-)-nectandrin B–d-glucopyranoside (1), (-)-(7R,7R,8S,8R)-4,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethoxy-7,7-epoxylignan-4-O–d-glucopyranoside LY411575 chemical structure (2), (-)-(7R,7R,8S,8R)-4,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethoxy-7,7-epoxylignan-4-O–d-glucopyranoside (3), (-)-(8S,8R)-4,4-dihydroxy-3,3,5-trimethoxylignan-4-O–d-glucopyranoside (4), (-)-(7R,8R)-syringylglycerol-8-O–d-glucopyranoside (5), and (-)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone-3-O–d-xylopyranosyl-(16)-O–d-glucopyranoside

(6), respectively.”
“BACKGROUND: Textile industries generate considerable amounts of waste-water, which may contain strong colour, suspended particles, salts, high pH and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. The disposal of these coloured wastewaters poses a major problem for the industry as well as a threat to the environment. In this study, electrochemical oxidation of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) dye was studied in a bipolar trickle tower (BTT) reactor using Raschig ring shaped boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in recirculated batch mode. The effects of current density, temperature, flow rate, sodium sulfate concentration (Na(2)SO(4)) as supporting electrolyte, and initial dye concentration were investigated.

RESULTS: The best experimental conditions obtained were as follows: current density 0.