Claire, 2012), smokers may switch to even lower priced products together by engaging in the practice of utilizing pipe tobacco��taxed at a lower rate than loose tobacco��to prepare their cigarettes (CDC, 2012). In addition to the policy implications from FM regulation on MYO use, there are practical considerations as well. The practical health consequences of MYO smoking are uncertain but compared with FM cigarettes machine smoking studies (Darrall & Figgins, 1998; de Kok, Besamusca, Vreeker, & Lagrand, 1993; Kaiserman & Rickert, 1992a, 1992b; Rickert, Robinson, Bray, Rogers, & Collishaw, 1985) consistently indicate higher delivery of tar and nicotine from mainstream MYO smoke. Consistent with these findings, an epidemiological study suggested an elevated risk of lung cancer (Engeland, Haldorsen, Andersen, & Tretli, 1996) in MYO smokers.

Tobacco control policy exerted on FM cigarettes may result in the unintended consequence of increasing the use of potentially more harmful alternatives such as MYO cigarettes. METHODS Participants Participants were adult MYO smokers (N = 98) from the Baltimore, MD, metropolitan area who reported smoking MYO cigarettes >80% of all cigarettes smoked. Participants responded to local newspapers (21%), direct mailers (12%), or Craigslist (6%) were referred by other participants (59%). Data collection occurred between April 2010 and November 2011 at Battelle��s Human Exposure Assessment Laboratory. Procedure At their single laboratory visit, participants provided five MYO cigarettes that they had prepared at home, signed an IRB-approved informed consent document and completed demographic and smoking history questionnaires.

Participants prepared 25 MYO cigarettes in the laboratory using their own tobacco and paper (or tubes and PMM machines). They prepared 10 cigarettes, took a 15-min break, and then prepared 15 cigarettes. The rate of production of the laboratory cigarettes was determined using a laboratory timer. During the 15-min break, a questionnaire assessing reasons for smoking MYO cigarettes and risk perception of MYO smoking was administered. Cigarette weights were recorded to the nearest mg. Participants received $75 for completion of the study. Statistical Analyses Cigarette weights and production time were characterized using descriptive statistics; analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used to assess group level differences.

To assess the within-participant consistency of MYO production, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was conducted on the home- and laboratory-produced cigarettes. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0. RESULTS Consumer Characteristics Two different types of cigarettes were made by the study participants: Entinostat those made by rolling tobacco in a paper leaf (Roll Your Own [RYO, n = 56]) or those made by injecting tobacco into a tube (Personal Machine Made [PMM, n = 42]). Demographics and smoking history characteristics of the study participants are shown in Table 1.