However, these numbers are shown here for the completion. Table 4 Number of all causes and selected causes of death selleck kinase inhibitor among men and women separately among the

AUD group and the comparison group HR, 95% CIs adjusted for age, number of visits, year of entrance and mental and behavioural disorders at discharge In order to test whether patients with other alcohol-related main diagnoses than those in F10 biased our HR, we counted the main diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease (ICD code K70) and toxic effect of alcohol (ICD-10, code T51) in the exposed and non-exposed groups. In all, 62 patients were found with these diagnoses (all in the comparison group), of whom five had died. The cause of death of each of the three patients was ICD-10, codes F10, I25, and X45, respectively, and the cause of death of the other two patients was K70. We subtracted these patients from the data and recalculated the HR corresponding to the results in table 3. The

HR for all causes of death (A00-Y98) was 1.88 (95% CI 1.48 to 2.39). For mental and behavioural disorders (F00-F99) (HR=6.19 (95% CI 1.94 to 19.79)); for AUDs (F10) (HR=56.22 (95% CI 12.79 to 247.13)); for diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) (HR=2.54 (95% CI 1.74 to 3.72)); for ischaemic heart diseases (I20-I25) (HR=1.42 (95% CI 0.45 to 4.43)); for diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99) (HR=2.12 (95% CI 0.78 to 5.73)); for diseases of the digestive system (K00-K93) (HR=4.77 (95% CI 2.02 to 11.24)); for chronic liver disease (K70, K73-K74) (HR=16.27 (95% CI 5.46 to 48.46)); for alcoholic liver disease (K70) (HR=21.83 (95%

CI 6.80 to 70.08)); for external causes of injury and poisoning (V01-Y98) (HR=3.87 (95% CI 2.37 to 6.33)); for accidental poisoning (X40-X49) (HR=9.44 (95% CI 2.34 to 38.05)); for suicide and intentional self-harm (X60-X84) (HR=2.78 (95% CI 1.11 to 6.95)); and for events of undetermined intent (Y10-Y34) GSK-3 (HR=11.01 (95% CI 4.60 to 26.33)). Discussion This population-based study showed increased all-cause mortality among people who visited the ED and received an AUD diagnosis compared to those who did not receive an AUD diagnosis, while taking into consideration mental disorders other than AUDs, frequency of visits, year of entrance, age and gender. The HR for all causes of death is almost double (HR=1.91), consistent with results from previous studies which have shown a significant relationship between alcohol abuse and increased mortality ratio.1–3 16 According to Roerecke and Rehm’s2 meta-analysis, the relative risk for combined genders in population studies was 1.95 (CI 1.49 to 2.55).