In the kidney, abundant mercury deposits were demonstrated in the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules, although there were no noticeable pathological changes. In the liver, mercury deposits were detected in hepatocytes as well as Kupffer cells, but tissue

damage was not substantial. In contrast, Me-Hg-induced damage to the nervous system can be devastating. However, it never affects the system evenly: as a rule, the damage was the severest in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, in which some parts were affected more severely than others. The brain stem was affected to a lesser extent, and the spinal cord was least affected. On the other hand, the pathology of peripheral nerves is Idelalisib concentration unique in that it appears to be associated with prolonged duration of the disease: the nerves are affected only in cases other than those of acute and subacute types. The sensory nerves are damaged selectively Akt inhibitor with regeneration in prolonged cases. This patient was a 64-year-old fisherman who lived in Minamata City in the southern part of Minamata Bay, which was found to be polluted with mercury from the nearby Chisso Co. Onset of disease was marked by numbness of the feet and disturbance in speech in the Spring of 1959. The patient was treated at Minamata City Hospital for pulmonary

tuberculosis during the period from May 1965 until July 1968. Neurological examination in October 1968 and December 1969 revealed slight constriction of visual fields on the temporal side, muscle rigidity, increased tendon reflexes, tremor of the fingers, dysgraphia, and adiadochokinesis. Other clinical findings included labyrinthine deafness, hyperesthesia, and hypalgesia as well as dysesthesia in the hands and regions below the knees, elevated blood pressure of 170–192 mmHg, a mask-like face, and dyskinesia. The patient died of massive hemorrhage from a gastroduodenal ulcer in January

1970. Autopsy materials from the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves were embedded in paraffin Adenosine and stained with HE, and with KB and Bodian staining methods. Frozen sections were made from peripheral nerves including ventral and dorsal root nerve fibers, sciatic nerve, radial nerve and sural nerve, and stained by the Sugamo myelin and Suzuki’s axon staining methods. The Sugamo myelin stain was modified for use on frozen sections from Kultschiky’s method. Inorganic mercury was detected by photo-emulsion. The gyri of both hemispheres were atrophic and the sulci were widened. This was particularly remarkable in the calcarine cortex and pre- and postcentral gyri. The surface of the calcarine cortex showed moderate atrophy, with widening of the calcarine fissure on the coronal section. Gennari’s band on the calcarine cortex was stained pale with the KB staining method.