patho physiological characteristics of lung tissue inflammation during severe asthma differ www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-203580.html significantly from those of the milder disease. While the airway tissues of mild asthmatics usually present preferential Th2 cytokine profile, those from severe asthmatics show a Th17 lymphocyte infiltration and elevated cytokine levels, particularly Th1 cytokines, IL 17 and TGF B. Many T helper cytokines were shown to play a significant role in regulating TGF B expression and function in different types of cells. However, their direct role in regulating eosinophil ability to produce pro fibrotic cytokines was not studied. To investi gate that, we first determined the basal expression levels of pro fibrotic cytokines within peripheral blood eosinophils of 10 asthmatic and non asthmatic individuals using real time RT PCR.
The levels of expression of TGF B and IL 11 mRNA in eosinophils isolated from asthmatic individuals Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries were comparable to those isolated from healthy controls. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Eosinophil supernatant IL 11 and TGF B cytokines levels were also determined in the two groups using ELISA assay. Similarly, no change in the secreted levels of these pro fibrotic cytokines was detected between the two groups. We then investigated whether Th1 and Th2 cytokines play a role in regulating eosino phils pro fibrotic cytokines production. To do that, we stimulated 2��106 eosinophil cells isolated from 10 asth matic as well as healthy individuals with Th1, and Th2 cytokines as well as GM CSF for 4 hrs. Total RNA was then extracted from stimulated eosinophils and the level of IL 11 and TGF B was determined using real time RT PCR.
As shown in Figure 1C D, stimulating asthmatic Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries eosinophils with Th1 or Th2 cytokines did not affect TGF B or IL Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries 11 m RNA levels. Similar results were obtained Brefeldin_A at higher concentrations of Th1 and Th2 cytokines as well as for eosinophils isolated from healthy controls. These results indicated that neither Th1 nor Th2 cytokines play a significant role in regulating expression of eosinophil derived pro fibrotic cytokines. Th17 cytokines enhance the expression of eosinophil derived pro fibrotic cytokines in asthmatic individuals IL 17A enhanced the production of IL 6 and IL 11 in bronchial fibroblasts while IL 17 F was shown to induce the expression of TGF B in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
IL 17A and IL 17 F were recently shown to www.selleckchem.com/products/Paclitaxel(Taxol).html be over expressed in bronchial lung tissue of asthmatic patients compared to healthy controls and their level of expression was associated with the severity of the diseases. Interestingly, using FACS and western analysis, eosinophils were also shown to express receptors for Th17 cytokines. We, therefore, hypothesised that Th17 cytokines may induce eosinophils to produce pro fibrotic cytokines. To investi gate that, we first determined the expression levels of IL 17R on eosinophils isolated from both groups. As in dicated in Figure 2A, eosinophils from both healthy and asthmatic subjects express IL 17R. Although asthmat