Results Hookah Smoking and Demographic Characteristics selleck chemicals llc Overall, 58.5% of the 951 adolescents in our restricted sample reported ever trying hookah and 30.2% reported using hookah in the past thirty days (30-day use) at the 24-month assessment. Table 1 shows the prevalence of ever hookah use by demographic, smoking-related, and substance use variables. Compared with those adolescents who did not report use, 30-day hookah users were mostly male (52.6%, p < .0001), White (73.5%, p < .0001), and had an average grade point average (GPA) of 3.73 (SD = 0.77, p < .01) at 24 months. Table 1. Demographic, Smoking-Related, and Substance Use Characteristics of Adolescents Reporting Ever Hookah Use Concurrent Tobacco Use and Substance Use Among Past Thirty-Day Hookah Users Other tobacco use was found among our sample of past thirty-day hookah users (Table 2).

Past thirty-day hookah users reported concurrently using multiple tobacco products, such as cigarettes (p < .001), cigars (p < .001), smokeless tobacco (p < .001), bidis (p < .001), and kreteks (p < .001), more often than non�Chookah users at the 24-month assessment. Other substance use, such as alcohol and marijuana use in the past three months, was also common among past thirty-day hookah users in the sample. Almost all (93.0%) of those who reported using hookah in the past thirty days reported using alcohol at least once in the past thirty months compared with 76.3% of hookah nonusers (p < .0001). With regard to marijuana use, 71.7% of past thirty-day hookah users, compared with 47.

8% of nonusers, also smoked marijuana at least once in the past three months (p < .0001). Table 2. Concurrent Use of Multiple Tobacco Products Reported by Past Thirty-Day Hookah Users at 24 Months Hookah Bars, Lounges, and Restaurants At the 24-month assessment, participants were asked to report if they had ever been to a hookah bar, lounge, or restaurant. As expected, past thirty-day hookah users were more likely to report ever going to a hookah bar, lounge, or restaurant than non�Chookah users (79.1% vs. 29.8%, p < .001). Of those past thirty-day hookah users who attended a hookah bar, lounge, or restaurant (N = 424), the majority were White (70.1%, p < .0001), over half were female (55.0%, p > .05), and had a mean age of 17.7 years (SD = 0.60, p < .001).

Predicting Ever and Past Thirty-Day Hookah Use Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess whether demographic, school performance, smoking-related, and substance use variables predicted ever and past thirty-day hookah use Batimastat at the 24-month assessment. Bivariate analyses found that age; sex; race; current (defined as use at least once during the past thirty days) cigarette, smokeless, cigar, and kretek use; alcohol and marijuana use in the past three months; and attending a hookah bar, lounge, or restaurant were all significant predictors of ever hookah use at 24 months.