The interaction of lime and SOC is complex. At lower rates of lime application, pH increases, increasing surface negative charges so that repulsive forces dominate [30]. However, at higher rates of lime application, selleck chemicals Ca2 + concentration and ionic strength in the soil solution increase,

resulting in the compression of the diffuse double layer of soil colloids followed by flocculation of clay micelles [30]. Moreover, liming induces the precipitation of Al3 + complexes in soil that may act as binding agents. Thus, with enhancement in soil aggregation induced by repeated liming (for a second year, as in the present experiment) SOC increased. Liming increases K availability, owing to the displacement of exchangeable K by Ca [30]. Yield benefits from liming can be ascribed to the lime-induced increasing of nutrient availability under acid conditions and reduction of Al toxicity [31]. In a field experiment of maize, liming at 300 kg ha− 1 (furrow application) led to 32% yield increase over the control under an acidic Alfisol (pH 4.6) of Meghalaya, northeastern India [32]. In another

experiment, application of lime at 500 kg ha− 1 in the furrow produced higher yield attributes and yield of groundnut at mid-hill altitudes in Meghalaya, India [33]. Although the growth characters of ricebean differed among cultivars, the maximum values were recorded for RBS-53 in both years of Selleckchem PD-332991 the study. However, RCRB-4 and RBS-16 were found to be statistically equivalent, and significantly superior

to PRR-2, with respect to growth attributes. Similarly, higher yield attributes were observed for RBS-53. Cultivars RCRB-4 and RBS-16 were statistically equivalent, and significantly superior to PRR-2, with respect to grain and straw yields in both years. Higher vegetative growth in RBS-16 may have resulted Idoxuridine from more efficient extraction of nutrients resulting in higher dry matter production than achieved by other cultivars. Economics of production is a very important aspect for adjusting the efficiency of different production systems based on practicability and its commercial viability, when economics, cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns, and B:C ratio are taken into consideration. Maximum gross and net returns and B:C ratio were found for RBS-53. This finding may be due to the higher yield of this cultivar than of the other cultivars. Soil acidity problems for ricebean production can be overcome by growing genotypes that are adapted to acid soil conditions in circumstances where soil amendment strategies are not practical. Although some genotypes showed outstanding grain yield, soil fertility improvement by liming is still very important for economical ricebean production in areas with acid soil, such as the onsite used in this study. We conclude that application of lime at 0.