The present study assesses orbital volume and ocular complications in patients associated with
Crouzon and Apert syndromes.
During an 8-year period starting in 2002, fronto-orbital advancement was used for cranial expansion on 23 cases S63845 of syndromic craniosynostosis. Of those, it was possible to evaluate 5 Crouzon and eight Apert syndrome cases. Orbital volume was measured using multislice CT scans. Both preoperative and postoperative orbital volumes were compared with normal orbital volume.
Preoperative orbital volume was 5.8 to 10.0 cm(3) (mean, 7.1 cm(3)) in patients with Crouzon syndrome and 7.2 to 10.8 cm(3) (mean, 9.1 cm(3)) in patients with Apert syndrome. Postoperative intraorbital volume was 9.4 to 11.2 cm(3) (mean, 10.4 cm(3)) in patients with Crouzon syndrome and 11.6 to 13.2 cm(3) (mean, 12.4 cm(3)) in patients with
Apert syndrome. The mean of orbital volume relative to the normal volume was 58% preoperatively and 74% postoperatively in patients with Crouzon syndrome and 69% (56-81%) preoperatively and 88% (81-95%) postoperatively in patients with Apert syndrome.
In conclusion, orbital volume was smaller selleckchem in the Crouzon syndrome group than in the Apert syndrome group, and symptoms, such as exophthalmos and exotropia, were noted in the Crouzon syndrome group. Orbit expansion did not fully restore normal orbital volume, but in most cases, it was useful for alleviation of preoperative symptoms (exophthalmos/eyeball prolapse, corneal erosion, conjunctivitis).”
“Nanomedical applications of biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)
(PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) developed are discussed in this review. A surface-functionalized PLGA NP platform selleck for drug delivery was established to encapsulate a number of macromolecular drugs such as peptides and nucleic acids as well as low-molecular-weight drugs by the emulsion solvent diffusion method. The interaction of PLGA NPs with cells and tissues could be controlled by changing the surface properties of NPs, suggesting their potential utility for the intracellular drug delivery of nucleic acid-based drugs. Furthermore, orally administered NF-kappa B decoy oligonucleotide-loaded CS-PLGA NPs are also useful in treating experimental colitis. These approaches using surface-modified PLGA NPs could be able to open new possibilities for nucleic acid-based drug delivery via noninvasive administration method.”
“We present an overview of current analytical methods for selected halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), focusing on instrumental determination using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We based the strategy for literature search on recent articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals or conference proceedings.