These results provide an insight into the degradation mode of the enzyme, which may preferentially cleave at the α-1,4-linkage adjacent to nonreducing ends, showing the β-amylase

activity. The β-amylase showed a activity over a wide temperature range (30–90 °C), pH range (4.0–12.0), and NaCl concentrations (0–20%), with an optimum at 70 °C, pH 10.0% and 10% NaCl (Fig. 4). The thermal stability profile indicated that the enzyme was highly stable at temperatures below 70 °C after 24-h incubation, but was inactivated at 90 °C (Fig. 4a). Also, the β-amylase showed good pH stability retaining more than 80% activity in the pH range 6.0–11.0 (Fig. 4b). Furthermore, it was highly stable at NaCl concentrations between 2.5% and 20%, and more than 70% activity retained Selleck FDA approved Drug Library after dialysis in the absence of NaCl (Fig. 4c). As shown in Table 1, the metal ions tested did not affect or slightly inhibit the amylase activity. The effect of enzyme inhibitors indicated that DEPC, PAO and EDTA completely inactivated

the enzyme, but PMSF and β-mercaptoethanol had no significant effect on its activity. Moreover, more than 78% activity of the amylase retained after incubation with surfactants, such as SDS, Triton X-100, and Tween-80. Optimal activity of the protease was found to be at 80 °C, pH 10.0% and 12.5% NaCl (Fig. 4). It was highly stable at temperatures below 70 °C after 24-h incubation, but was inactivated at higher temperatures (Fig. 4a). Meanwhile, the protease showed good

stability in a broad pH range (6.0–11.0), which retained more than 70% Ibrutinib activity (Fig. 4b). As shown in Fig. 4c, about 82% activity lost in the absence of NaCl, but 70% activity retained under high salinity conditions (20%). Moreover, the protease was highly stable at NaCl concentrations between 2.5% and 20%. None of the metal ions was found to enhance the protease activity, and about 80% activity lost in the presence of Hg2+. EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol had no significant effect on the enzyme activity. However, complete inhibition of the protease was shown by PMSF, DEPC, and PAO. In addition, more than 85% activity retained after incubation with surfactants tested (Table 1). As shown in Table 2, no complete inactivation of both enzymes was observed in the presence of organic solvents tested. Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) More than 90% of the enzyme activity retained after incubation with DMSO, acetonitrile, ethanol, and acetone. Interestingly, ethanol and acetone even increased the amylase activity to 117.4% and 118.9%, respectively, and DMSO and ethanol also stimulated the protease activity (110.8% and 110.2%). The half-lives of both enzymes were drastically decreased in the presence of organic solvents with log Pow ≥ −0.24, but in the presence of organic solvents with lower log Pow, their half-lives were longer than in the absence of the solvents.