If more than 50% of RSE cells had >10 bacteria attached, the adherence was recorded as strongly positive. For >50% RSE cells with 1–10 adherent bacteria, the adherence was recorded as moderately positive. For less than 50% RSE cells with 1–5 adherent bacteria, the mTOR activator result was recorded as non-adherent. O157-HEp-2 cell adherence inhibition assay The role played by LEE-encoded proteins and Intimin in the adherence of O157 to HEp-2 cells, has already been defined previously [22] and hence, this assay was used for comparative reasons. The assay was conducted

as described previously [5] except that, the washed bacterial pellets were incubated with or without antisera (‘no sera’ control), at 37°C for 30 min, prior to addition to the HEp-2 cells. Both the pooled antisera and anti-intimin antisera, as described above, were used at dilutions ranging from 1:5 to 1:100 in these assays. Each assay was conducted in duplicate, and in 3–6 chambers of the chamber slides per run. Slides were stained with 1% toluidine blue, or with fluorescence-tagged

antibodies that specifically target O157 and the HEp-2 cell actin filaments as described previously [5] and adherence RepSox cell line patterns recorded as for RSE cells (see above). Adherence of 86–24, 86-24eae Δ10, and 86-24eae Δ10(pEB310), to RSE and HEp-2 cells Wild-type 86–24 and its mutant derivatives were used to verify the role of Intimin directly and compare the results with that of the O157 adherence inhibition assays. This assay was conducted, recorded, as previously described and done in the absence learn more of any antisera [5]. OneDimensional ADAM7 (1D) SDS-PAGE liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS) Top down proteomic analysis was done at the Harvard Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. O157 cell pellet and lysate fractions were concentrated using spin filters (MW cutoff 5000 Daltons; Vivascience Inc., Englewood, NY), fractionated on 1D SDS-PAGE, and digested in-gel with trypsin prior to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) as described previously [23]. The rationale for incorporating a 1D SDS-PAGE fractionation step is

that this modification reduces complexity of protein mixtures, permits a larger dynamic range of protein identification, and allows for significantly better reproducibility [24, 25]. For mass spectrometry (MS), samples were subjected to three different runs on an LCQ DECA XP plus Proteome X workstation (LCQ) from Thermo Finnigan as described earlier [23, 26]. For each run, 10 μL of each reconstituted sample was injected with a Famos Autosampler, and the separation was done on a 75 μm (inner diameter) x 20 cm column packed with C18 media running at a flow rate of 0.25 μl/min provided from a Surveyor MS pump with a flow splitter with a gradient of water, 0.1% formic acid and then 5% acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid (5%-72%) over the course of 480 min (8.0 hour run).