2011;50:2503–10. Defactinib (Level 1)   3. Chan MK, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 1987;9:417–21.

(Level 2)   4. Lee GSL, et al. Nephrology. 1997;3:117–21. (Level 2)   5. Camara S, et al. Nephron. 1991;58:13–6. (Level 2)   6. Cheng IKP, et al. Nephrology. 1998;4:19–26. (Level 2)   Are RAS JQEZ5 supplier inhibitors recommended for decreasing urinary protein and preserving renal function in patients with IgAN? A number of randomized parallel-group trials have shown that RAS inhibitors for IgAN with urine protein ≥1 g/day and CKD stage G1–3 are effective in slowing the progression of renal dysfunction and decreasing urine protein levels. RAS inhibitors are thus determined to have a recommendation grade of A for IgAN with urine protein ≥1 g/day and CKD stage G1–3. By contrast, among randomized parallel-group trials investigating the efficacy of RAS inhibitors mainly for IgAN with urine protein of 0.5–1.0 g/day, the only report to show that

increased doses of RAS inhibitors enhanced the urine protein-decreasing effect was that of Horita (2004). Therefore, RAS inhibitors for IgAN with urine protein of 0.5–1.0 g/day are determined to have a recommendation grade of C1. Bibliography 1. Cheng J, et al. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63:880–8. (Level 1)   2. Reid S, et al. Cochrane Database buy GDC-0973 Syst Rev. 2011;3:CD003962. (Level 1)   3. Praga M, et al. J Am Soc Nabilone Nephrol. 2003;14:1578–83. (Level 2)   4. Woo KT, et al. Cell Mol Immunol. 2007;4:227–32. (Level 2)   5. Ruggenenti P, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:1155–65. (Level 2)   6. Woo KT, et al. Kidney Int. 2000;58:2485–91. (Level 2)   7. Park HC, et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:1115–21. (Level 2)   8. Li PK, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47:751–60. (Level 2)   9. Nakamura T, et al. Am J Nephrol. 2000;20:373–9. (Level 2)   10. Coppo R, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:1880–8. (Level 2)   11. Horita Y, et al. Hypertens Res. 2004;27:963–70. (Level 2)   12. Nakamura T, et al. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:1195–201. (Level 2)   Are corticosteroids recommended for decreasing urinary protein

and preserving renal function in patients with IgAN? Short-term, high-dose, oral steroid therapy and steroid pulse therapy for IgAN with urine protein of ≥1 g/day and CKD stage G1–2 have been shown to be effective in slowing the progression of renal dysfunction and decreasing urine protein in a small number of randomized parallel-group trials. The recommendation grade for both of these therapies is thus determined to be B. However, steroid therapy for IgAN with urine protein 0.5–1.0 g/day does not have a confirmed effect in slowing the progression of renal dysfunction, and its effect in decreasing urine protein has been confirmed in only some small-scale trials. The recommendation grade is therefore determined to be C1. Bibliography 1. Lv J. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23:1108–16. (Level 1)   2. Zhou YH, et al.