Recent research however, is indicating a need to increase so the accuracy beyond that available Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries from traditional TDR. The most logical pathway then becomes a transition from TDR based measurements to network analyzer measurements of absolute permittivity that will remove the adverse effects that high surface area soils and conductivity impart onto the measurements of apparent permittivity in traditional TDR applications.This research examines an observed experimental error for the coaxial probe, from which the modern TDR probe originated, which is hypothesized to be due to fringe capacitance. The research provides an experimental and theoretical basis for the cause of the error and provides a technique Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries by which to correct the system to remove this source of error.

To test this theory, a Poisson model of a coaxial cell was formulated to calculate the effective theoretical extra length caused by the fringe capacitance which is then used to correct the experimental results such that experimental measurements utilizing differing coaxial cell diameters and probe lengths, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries upon correction with the Poisson model derived correction factor, all produce the same results thereby lending support and for an augmented measurement technique for measurement of absolute permittivity.Keywords: TDR, cotton moisture, moisture sensing, permittivity, microwave sensing, microwave moisture1.?IntroductionFrequency domain analysis of soils, cotton lint, biological cells and media is rapidly gaining appreciation due to the ability to provide a true Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries measurement of permittivity as opposed to an apparent permittivity that TDR analysis in the time domain provides.

One of the driving factors behind this new trend is due to the recognition that in saline and high clay content soils, that the conductive soils dielectric loss has a profound impact on the measured apparent permittivity which Dacomitinib causes large errors especially when temperature effects are taken into consideration.Recent Axitinib structure research [1], reports the use of frequency domain analysis for extending the use of TDR waveforms in conductive soils as an alternative solution to soils in which the standard TDR waveform return is lost due to excessive conductivity, which renders the traditional TDR technique unusable or highly inaccurate. In this report, they report the need for use of a correction equation to relate the measured scattering S11 parameters to the soil dielectric properties, was suggested by Clarkson [2]. Other researchers have also reporting success in the use of the Clarkson [2] correction Equations [3�C5]. Of note was a report by Hoekstra and Delaney [6], that warned of possible additional modes of propagation, i.e.