Therefore, the wavelength shift for an FBG that is bonded to a bimetal selleck kinase inhibitor can be rewritten as:����B��B=K?������Tbimetal+KT��TFBG(7)In Equation (7), there are two temperature variations, namely, ��Tbimetal and ��TFBG due to the heat transfer loss between the FBG and the bimetallic sheet. Therefore, the value of ��Tbimetal is not the same as ��TFBG although the heat is generated from the same source. Also, from Equation (7), it is understood that the relationship between wavelength shift and temperature is linear.3.?Experimental SetupThe polyimide coating of the FBG is removed before the FBG is inscribed using a 244 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser exposure with a phase mask, using hydrogen-loaded fibers. The peak reflectivity values are typically 90% and the Bragg wavelength located around 1,550 nm at room temperature.
The physical grating lengths are set to 2 cm length for all samples. A bimetallic sheet measuring 150 mm (height) �� 32 mm (width) �� 8.4 mm (thickness) is used. The FBG is glued on the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries bimetallic sheet using UV cured Norland Optical Adhesive (number 61). The glue has a melting temperature of 125 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries ��C. The bimetallic shee
The sense of touch is one of the fundamental Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries sensations that give humans the ability to learn about objects�� characteristics such as size, shape, surface texture, stiffness, and Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries temperature [1,2]. Tactile sensing is also essential for detecting physical contacts [3] and it can effectively assist humans in object grasping and manipulation by providing information about the contact configuration [4]. Due to different shapes of objects, different forces and pressure patterns are generated.
Therefore, the tactile information of the generated force patterns can be used to reproduce the knowledge of objects�� shapes, which are required for grasping GSK-3 and manipulation in dexterous robotic hands. Specifically, it is the information of local shapes such as surface curvature of the objects that best determines the orientation and configuration of the fingers and the required grip force for a steady and reliable grasping [5]. Moreover, local tactile shape information can be used to determine the finger motion that will reach feasible grasping locations [6].
In the field of robotics, the perception of the tactile sensory information required for dexterous manipulation has fallen behind the mechanical capability of the existing hands [7,8], hence one of the primary requirements of robotics is to acquire an integrated knowledge of how tactile information is encoded and transmitted at various stages of different interaction in order to design an effective robotic hand [8].The current study is motivated by the lack of tactile information perception in artificial hands and the effective role of objects�� local shape recognition in dexterous grasping and manipulation.